Какие льготы предоставляют в России чернобыльцам
Льготы чернобыльцам законодательно регулируются на федеральном уровне. За время существования нормативно-правовой базы по этому вопросу произошло немало изменений, которые не лучшим образом отразились на участниках трагедии.
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Основным актом в 2021 году является закон о чернобыльских льготах Закон РФ от 15.05.1991 № 1244-1 «О социальной защите граждан, подвергшихся воздействию радиации вследствие катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС». В этом документе указано, на что могут рассчитывать пострадавшие от аварии на ЧАЭС, а также описаны категории, на которые делятся потерпевшие от взрыва граждане.
Категории чернобыльцев
Деление чернобыльцев на категории происходит по территориальному принципу. То есть вся область воздействия радиации поделена на зоны, и пострадавшие рассматриваются с точки зрения нахождения в какой-либо из этих зон:
- Отчуждения — округ, который расположен вблизи от 4 реакторов.
- Отселения — территория, откуда люди уезжали для того, чтобы несколько уменьшить радиационное воздействие.
- С правом на переселение — участок, где производятся регулярные замеры уровня радиации.
- На допустимом уровне радиации — лица, находящиеся здесь, имеют право остаться, но могут претендовать на субсидии.
На основании присутствия гражданина на той или иной территории, с учетом нанесенного вреда здоровью, разделяют следующие категории чернобыльцев:
- лица с лучевой болезнью, появившейся на почве катастрофы на ЧАЭС (независимо от того, кто получил проблемы со здоровьем, — житель или тот, кто устранял последствия);
- граждане, заболевшие сразу после аварии на станции;
- люди, ставшие инвалидами вследствие облучения (военные, полицейские, сотрудники МЧС, врачи);
- индивиды, которых безоговорочно эвакуировали, в том числе рожденные до 01.04.1987 года;
- доноры костного мозга для получивших повреждения во время ЧП;
- люди, находившиеся в одной из зон в момент взрыва или в период устранения его последствий.
Для предоставления льготы проживающим в чернобыльской зоне учитывается срок пребывания на территории. Если лицо проживало в зоне отселения, то на льготу имеют право те, кто находился там не менее года. В случае проживания на территории с правом отселения — срок увеличивается до 3 лет. Когда гражданин оставался в зоне с допустимым уровнем радиации, то льготируемый период нахождения составит от 4 лет.
На что могут рассчитывать пострадавшие от аварии
Льготы для чернобыльцев в 2021 году представляют собой:
- возможность встать на очередь на улучшение жилищных условий;
- скидки на оплату жилья и топлива;
- привилегию в момент сокращения с работы;
- обслуживание без очереди в медучреждениях, аптеках;
- право на получение допенсионного медобслуживания в учреждениях, за которыми закреплен гражданин;
- безочередное трудоустройство на новом месте проживания, а также право на сохранение зарплаты и обеспечение непрерывного трудового стажа в течение 4 месяцев;
- возможность получения дополнительных отпускных дней по месту работы, которые оплачиваются из средств бюджета.
Кроме того, среди льгот чернобыльцам отмечают и транспортный налог, скидка на который составляет почти во всех субъектах 100%.
Среди выплат, доступных всем категориям пострадавших от ЧАЭС, выделяют:
- пособие, которое перечисляется, если человек перевелся с одного места работы на другое по медпоказаниям до полного выздоровления или установления инвалидности;
- перечисления, связанные с временной нетрудоспособностью, в сумме полной зарплаты;
- средства на питание, если гражданин проживает с ребенком младше 14 лет.
Помимо этого, полагаются льготы в виде выплат чернобыльцам, добровольно выехавшим из зоны отселения:
- на оздоровление;
- на проезд;
- единоразового типа в размере 1120 руб., которые положены всем членам семьи;
- покрывающих утрату имущества.
Субсидирование лиц, получивших инвалидность после аварии
При оформленной инвалидности гражданин имеет право на чернобыльские выплаты в 2021 году, которые рассчитываются исходя из групповой принадлежности (руб.):
- 1 — 16 338;
- 2 — 8169;
- 3 — 2367.
Если инвалид стал пенсионером, то суммы несколько меняются:
- инвалид 1 группы — 23 845;
- 2 — 11 922;
- 3 — почти 6000.
Порядок оформления субсидий
Чтобы пользоваться льготами ликвидаторам Чернобыльской АЭС в 1986 г. или гражданам другим категорий, имеющим отношение к аварии, необходимо собрать пакет документов в зависимости от учреждения и написать заявление.
Во всех инстанциях для льгот удостоверение чернобыльца требуется в обязательном порядке. Если его до сих пор нет, оформить документ можно в УСЗН, где потребуют предъявить:
- паспорт;
- документ, доказывающий статус чернобыльца (бумага о проживании на территории, военный билет с соответствующей отметкой);
- подтверждение родственной связи (в случае обращения родственника).
Какие привилегии есть у родственников
Льготы вдовам чернобыльцев в 2021 году представлены правом на скидку при оплате услуг ЖКХ в размере половины от выставленного счета. Кроме того, если женщина находилась на иждивении, то она может получать ежемесячное перечисление.
Льготы детям чернобыльцев позволяют претендовать на безочередное получение места в школе, детсаду, санатории.
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скажите пожалуйста,какие льготы на данный момент, могут предоставляться внукам чернобыльцев, не достигшим 18 лет?
В соответствии со статьями Федерального Закона № 1244 от 15 мая 1991 года «О социальной защите граждан, пострадавших от аварии на ЧАЭС», социальная поддержка оказывается не только самим пострадавшим, но также их детям и другим родственникам. Объем преференций будет отличаться в зависимости от степени родственной связи.
Внуки чернобыльцев могут претендовать на следующие виды помощи:
• 50% скидки на оплату жилищно-коммунальных услуг;
• получение ежемесячной пенсии по утрате кормильца;
• возможность внеочередного оформления мест в домах престарелых.
Для получения преференций необходимо подтвердить родственную связь с чернобыльцем.